Resistance genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to cefixime and azithromycin
نویسندگان
چکیده
Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection (STI), following Chlamydia. Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to antibiotics are increasing globally in world. In recent years, many studies have reported reduced susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae almost all clinically useful and also cases multi-resistance. Resistance mechanisms for N. can occur through genetic non-genetic changes. cefixime azithromycin as first-line monotherapy recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) has been from several countries. Genetic changes were main cause resistance azithromycin. Based on WHO United States Centers Disease Control Prevention recommendations, countries increasingly using a combination cephalosporin treatment gonorrhea. The aim this review analyze variation Articles published English last 12 years (from 2010 2021) retrieved Science Direct, PubMed, Springerlink, Oxford Nature relevant searching terms. Mutants cefixime-resistant mediated mosaic non-mosaic penA genes encoding penicillin binding protein 2. addition, mutations repressor promoter mtrR found that caused overexpression microbial efflux pump. Meanwhile, reportedly occurs two strategies, namely pump (mutation codon region) decreased affinity (single base mutation 23S rRNA gene). With limited choice management N.gonorrhoeae, it necessary do regular surveillance monitoring drug resistance. By understanding mechanism resistance, use these be rationally optimized.
منابع مشابه
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Universa Medicina: Jurnal Kedokteran Trisakti
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1907-3062', '2407-2230']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.108-118